Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a common condition in dogs, especially as they age. It happens when your dog’s body produces too much cortisol—a hormone that helps manage stress, metabolism, and immunity. While cortisol is necessary, too much of it can make your dog feel pretty crummy.
Let’s break down everything you need to know about Cushing’s disease: what causes it, how to spot it, and what you can do to help your furry friend feel better.
what breeds are most likely to get cushings?
While any dog can develop Cushing’s disease, certain breeds are more predisposed. Small to medium-sized breeds, particularly those in middle age or older, are commonly affected. Breeds with a higher risk include:
- Minature and Toy Poodles
- Dachunds
- Terriers: Yorkshire and Boston Terriers
- Beagles
- Boxers
- Labador Retrievers
In addition, small breeds like Chihuahuas, while not as commonly listed, can still be susceptible, especially as they age. Awareness is key for all dog owners, regardless of breed.
CAUSES OF CUSHINGS DISEASE IN DOGS
Cushing’s disease is typically caused by one of three primary issues:
- Pituitary Tumors (Pituitary-Dependent Cushing’s): This is the most common form, accounting for about 80-85% of cases. It occurs when a benign or malignant tumor on the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to overproduce cortisol.
- Adrenal Tumors (Adrenal-Dependent Cushing’s): About 15% of cases are caused by tumors on one or both adrenal glands, which directly increase cortisol production.
- Iatrogenic Cushing’s: This form develops due to prolonged or high-dose use of corticosteroid medications, often prescribed for allergies, immune disorders, or inflammation.
SYMPTOMS TO WATCH FOR
Cushing’s disease can sneak up on you because the symptoms often look like normal signs of aging. Here are the most common ones:
- Drinking & Peeing More: Is your dog suddenly guzzling water and needing to go out more often? This is a big red flag.
Increased Appetite: A dog with Cushing’s often acts like they’re starving all the time. - Pot-Bellied Appearance: Their belly may start to look round and swollen.
Hair Loss or Thinning Fur: You might notice bald spots, especially on their body, while their head and legs stay furry.
Thin or Fragile Skin: Scratches or cuts may take longer to heal.
Low Energy and Weakness: They might seem less interested in playtime or get tired faster.
Excessive Panting: Even when it’s not hot, your dog might pant more than usual.
If your dog is showing any of these signs, it’s a good idea to talk to your vet.
how is cushings diagnosed?
Your vet will start with a physical exam and ask about your dog’s behavior and health history. They might recommend:
- Blood and Urine Tests: To check for signs of too much cortisol.
- Specialized Tests: Such as an ACTH stimulation test or a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test to confirm the diagnosis.
- Ultrasounds: To look at the adrenal glands for tumors.
- Imaging: In some cases, an MRI or CT scan might be used to check for pituitary tumors.
what are the treatment options?
The treatment depends on what’s causing the disease. Here are the most common options:
Medication:
- Trilostane (Vetoryl): The most commonly used drug to control cortisol levels.
- Mitotane (Lysodren): Another option for managing the condition.
These medications can work well but require regular vet check-ups and blood tests.
Surgery:
- If the cause is an adrenal tumor and your dog is otherwise healthy, surgery to remove the tumor might be an option.
Adjusting Medications:
- If your dog developed Cushing’s from long-term steroid use, your vet may slowly reduce the dosage or switch to a different treatment.
can dogs with cushings live a happy life?
Yes! While Cushing’s is a chronic condition, it’s manageable with the right care. Many dogs go on to live happy, comfortable lives after starting treatment. The key is catching it early and working closely with your vet to create a plan that works for your dog.
For more information on Cushing’s in dogs visit PETM
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